Australian Climate Zones
While the Rest of The World Marches South,
Aussie Thermometers March North
Who knew? The world has The March of the Thermometers South, but “Down Under” they just seem to do things the other way round. Here, we can see the “North March Under Down Thermometers”. (Though one is very much left to wonder “Why?”)…
It would be very interesting to plot the delta of latitude against the delta of “temperature” and see what the coefficient of correlation was. Apply that, scaled for the “world” march of the thermometers, to the global “warming” value… If we have a very very strong covariance that would be most interesting… (How come every little project spawns two medium sized ones?)
Pacific Basin - Fine Without Australia
Yet individual stations, such as this one, have startlingly flat “trends”:
Marble Bar Australia
This is a chart of Thermometer Records by Latitude. You can see the percentage of thermometers in each latitude drift north over time.
These are 5 degree latitude bands, starting at less than -45, then -45 to -40, etc. until we get to North of -15. (i.e. nearly at the equator or above). So the South Pole is to the Left of the screen, and the Equator is to the right. Values are the percentage of Australian thermometer records in that latitude band in that year.
[chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$ cat AUSSIE.by.lat.publish Year less45S 40S 35S 30S 25S 20S 15S Nof15S LAT pct: 1841 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1842 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1843 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1844 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1845 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1846 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1847 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1848 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1849 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1850 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1851 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1852 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1853 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1854 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1855 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1856 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1857 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1858 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1859 0.0 0.0 20.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1860 0.0 0.0 20.0 80.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1861 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1862 0.0 0.0 28.6 71.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1863 0.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1864 0.0 0.0 42.9 57.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1865 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1866 0.0 0.0 66.7 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1867 0.0 0.0 63.6 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1868 0.0 0.0 63.6 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1869 0.0 0.0 63.6 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1870 0.0 0.0 58.3 41.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1871 0.0 0.0 46.2 53.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1872 0.0 0.0 35.7 64.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1873 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1874 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1875 0.0 0.0 28.6 71.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1876 0.0 0.0 37.5 62.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1877 0.0 0.0 50.0 45.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1878 0.0 0.0 47.8 47.8 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1879 0.0 0.0 48.1 44.4 3.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1880 0.0 0.0 48.3 44.8 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1881 0.0 0.0 48.6 42.9 2.9 5.7 0.0 0.0 LAT pct: 1882 0.0 2.9 48.6 37.1 2.9 5.7 0.0 2.9 LAT pct: 1883 0.0 2.8 50.0 36.1 2.8 5.6 0.0 2.8 LAT pct: 1884 0.0 2.8 50.0 36.1 2.8 5.6 0.0 2.8 LAT pct: 1885 0.0 2.6 46.2 41.0 2.6 5.1 0.0 2.6 LAT pct: 1886 0.0 2.6 47.4 39.5 2.6 5.3 0.0 2.6 LAT pct: 1887 0.0 2.4 45.2 38.1 4.8 7.1 0.0 2.4 LAT pct: 1888 0.0 2.1 38.3 34.0 4.3 17.0 2.1 2.1 LAT pct: 1889 0.0 2.0 36.7 34.7 6.1 16.3 2.0 2.0 LAT pct: 1890 0.0 2.1 37.5 35.4 4.2 16.7 2.1 2.1 LAT pct: 1891 0.0 2.1 38.3 38.3 4.3 12.8 2.1 2.1 LAT pct: 1892 0.0 2.0 36.7 36.7 4.1 16.3 2.0 2.0 LAT pct: 1893 0.0 2.0 38.0 36.0 4.0 16.0 2.0 2.0 LAT pct: 1894 0.0 1.9 35.2 37.0 7.4 14.8 1.9 1.9 LAT pct: 1895 0.0 7.0 33.3 35.1 7.0 14.0 1.8 1.8 LAT pct: 1896 0.0 6.9 34.5 34.5 6.9 13.8 1.7 1.7 LAT pct: 1897 0.0 6.6 36.1 41.0 8.2 4.9 1.6 1.6 LAT pct: 1898 0.0 5.8 36.2 37.7 10.1 5.8 2.9 1.4 LAT pct: 1899 0.0 5.5 38.4 37.0 9.6 5.5 2.7 1.4 LAT pct: 1900 0.0 6.4 35.9 38.5 10.3 5.1 2.6 1.3 LAT pct: 1901 0.0 6.0 33.3 40.5 10.7 6.0 2.4 1.2 LAT pct: 1902 0.0 5.7 32.2 42.5 10.3 5.7 2.3 1.1 LAT pct: 1903 0.0 5.3 37.9 38.9 9.5 5.3 2.1 1.1 LAT pct: 1904 0.0 5.3 37.9 38.9 9.5 5.3 2.1 1.1 LAT pct: 1905 0.0 4.1 36.7 39.8 10.2 6.1 2.0 1.0 LAT pct: 1906 0.0 5.0 37.0 39.0 10.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 LAT pct: 1907 0.0 2.2 23.8 42.7 13.0 9.2 8.1 1.1 LAT pct: 1908 0.0 3.1 21.6 38.7 14.9 10.3 9.8 1.5 LAT pct: 1909 0.0 3.5 21.9 39.3 14.4 10.0 9.5 1.5 LAT pct: 1910 0.0 3.3 22.2 39.6 14.6 9.9 9.0 1.4 LAT pct: 1911 0.0 3.2 22.7 38.9 15.3 9.7 8.8 1.4 LAT pct: 1912 0.0 3.2 22.6 39.8 14.9 9.0 9.0 1.4 LAT pct: 1913 0.0 3.0 21.5 37.6 17.3 10.1 9.3 1.3 LAT pct: 1914 0.0 2.9 22.3 37.6 16.9 9.9 9.1 1.2 LAT pct: 1915 0.0 3.3 22.4 38.0 16.3 9.8 9.0 1.2 LAT pct: 1916 0.0 3.7 21.2 38.0 17.1 9.8 9.0 1.2 LAT pct: 1917 0.0 3.6 21.5 38.1 17.0 9.7 8.9 1.2 LAT pct: 1918 0.0 3.2 22.6 37.9 16.9 9.7 8.5 1.2 LAT pct: 1919 0.0 3.6 22.8 37.2 16.8 9.6 8.8 1.2 LAT pct: 1920 0.0 3.2 22.6 37.5 16.9 9.7 8.9 1.2 LAT pct: 1921 0.0 3.6 22.1 38.3 16.6 9.5 8.7 1.2 LAT pct: 1922 0.0 3.6 22.7 39.0 15.5 9.2 8.8 1.2 LAT pct: 1923 0.0 3.2 22.4 39.2 16.0 9.2 8.8 1.2 LAT pct: 1924 0.0 4.0 21.8 39.3 15.5 9.5 8.7 1.2 LAT pct: 1925 0.0 3.9 22.1 38.8 16.3 9.3 8.5 1.2 LAT pct: 1926 0.0 3.9 21.2 39.8 15.4 9.3 9.3 1.2 LAT pct: 1927 0.0 3.9 21.6 39.0 15.4 9.7 9.3 1.2 LAT pct: 1928 0.0 3.9 21.2 39.2 15.7 9.4 9.4 1.2 LAT pct: 1929 0.0 3.9 21.4 39.3 15.6 9.3 9.3 1.2 LAT pct: 1930 0.0 3.9 21.6 39.2 15.7 9.4 9.4 0.8 LAT pct: 1931 0.0 4.2 21.5 38.1 16.5 9.6 9.2 0.8 LAT pct: 1932 0.0 3.8 22.2 37.9 16.9 9.6 8.8 0.8 LAT pct: 1933 0.0 4.2 22.1 37.8 16.8 9.5 8.8 0.8 LAT pct: 1934 0.0 4.2 22.1 37.8 16.8 9.9 8.4 0.8 LAT pct: 1935 0.0 4.2 22.0 37.9 17.0 9.8 8.3 0.8 LAT pct: 1936 0.0 4.8 21.6 37.5 17.1 9.7 8.6 0.7 LAT pct: 1937 0.0 4.5 21.6 37.7 17.2 9.3 8.6 1.1 LAT pct: 1938 0.0 4.6 20.8 35.9 19.4 10.6 8.1 0.7 LAT pct: 1939 0.0 4.7 19.2 36.7 19.2 11.1 8.1 1.0 LAT pct: 1940 0.0 4.7 19.3 35.9 20.0 10.5 8.5 1.0 LAT pct: 1941 0.0 4.6 18.9 34.9 20.5 11.4 8.1 1.6 LAT pct: 1942 0.0 4.5 19.2 34.6 20.5 11.5 8.0 1.6 LAT pct: 1943 0.0 4.4 19.9 34.5 20.3 11.4 7.9 1.6 LAT pct: 1944 0.0 4.7 19.7 34.5 20.1 11.3 8.2 1.6 LAT pct: 1945 0.0 4.3 19.8 34.9 19.8 11.7 8.0 1.5 LAT pct: 1946 0.0 4.3 19.3 35.6 19.6 11.7 8.0 1.5 LAT pct: 1947 0.0 4.3 19.8 35.3 19.8 11.6 7.9 1.5 LAT pct: 1948 0.6 4.2 19.3 35.0 19.6 11.8 7.9 1.5 LAT pct: 1949 0.6 3.9 18.7 34.6 19.8 12.3 8.1 2.0 LAT pct: 1950 0.8 4.1 19.2 34.7 19.2 12.2 7.6 2.2 LAT pct: 1951 0.7 4.2 17.6 34.7 19.3 13.4 7.9 2.2 LAT pct: 1952 0.7 4.6 18.0 34.5 19.0 13.1 7.8 2.2 LAT pct: 1953 0.7 4.6 17.9 34.9 19.4 12.8 7.5 2.2 LAT pct: 1954 0.7 4.6 17.9 34.5 19.8 12.8 7.5 2.2 LAT pct: 1955 0.7 4.5 17.5 35.2 19.4 12.8 7.8 2.1 LAT pct: 1956 0.7 4.5 17.3 35.0 19.9 13.0 7.6 2.1 LAT pct: 1957 0.9 6.6 16.0 31.7 18.2 13.5 10.0 3.1 LAT pct: 1958 0.9 6.2 15.9 31.5 18.1 14.3 10.0 3.1 LAT pct: 1959 0.9 6.3 15.7 31.1 17.5 15.1 9.7 3.6 LAT pct: 1960 0.9 6.3 15.7 31.4 17.2 15.1 9.7 3.6 LAT pct: 1961 1.0 6.0 15.7 31.8 17.1 15.2 9.4 3.7 LAT pct: 1962 0.9 6.4 17.5 32.4 16.3 14.2 9.0 3.3 LAT pct: 1963 0.9 6.4 17.5 32.9 15.6 14.4 8.5 3.8 LAT pct: 1964 0.9 6.4 17.4 32.9 16.0 14.4 8.7 3.3 LAT pct: 1965 0.7 5.8 18.6 35.0 16.6 12.4 7.7 3.1 LAT pct: 1966 0.7 5.6 18.9 34.6 15.9 13.1 7.6 3.7 LAT pct: 1967 0.7 5.7 19.0 34.3 16.2 13.1 7.4 3.6 LAT pct: 1968 0.7 5.5 18.7 34.3 16.4 12.9 7.5 4.0 LAT pct: 1969 0.6 5.3 18.8 34.3 16.7 12.8 7.6 3.9 LAT pct: 1970 0.6 5.4 19.1 34.4 16.7 12.5 7.7 3.6 LAT pct: 1971 0.6 5.5 19.2 34.2 16.8 12.5 7.5 3.7 LAT pct: 1972 0.6 5.3 19.3 34.0 17.2 12.4 7.6 3.6 LAT pct: 1973 0.6 5.0 19.5 34.0 17.5 12.5 7.3 3.6 LAT pct: 1974 0.6 4.8 19.6 34.1 17.6 12.5 7.5 3.3 LAT pct: 1975 0.6 4.9 19.4 33.6 17.7 12.9 7.6 3.2 LAT pct: 1976 0.7 5.2 18.5 33.1 17.7 13.1 8.0 3.6 LAT pct: 1977 0.7 4.8 18.5 33.6 17.4 13.2 8.1 3.8 LAT pct: 1978 0.7 4.8 18.5 33.8 17.3 13.2 8.1 3.8 LAT pct: 1979 0.7 4.8 18.5 33.7 17.2 13.2 7.9 4.0 LAT pct: 1980 0.7 4.9 18.2 33.3 17.2 13.3 8.2 4.1 LAT pct: 1981 0.5 4.8 18.6 33.1 17.1 13.3 8.6 4.0 LAT pct: 1982 0.6 5.0 18.8 34.0 16.7 12.6 8.4 3.9 LAT pct: 1983 0.6 5.1 19.3 33.8 16.7 12.5 8.1 3.9 LAT pct: 1984 0.6 5.2 19.3 34.1 16.9 12.4 7.8 3.9 LAT pct: 1985 0.6 5.2 19.0 34.1 17.0 12.4 7.9 3.9 LAT pct: 1986 0.7 5.0 18.4 34.3 16.6 13.0 8.0 4.0 LAT pct: 1987 0.9 5.2 15.7 32.9 16.3 14.4 9.7 4.9 LAT pct: 1988 0.9 5.7 16.3 31.9 15.8 14.5 9.7 5.2 LAT pct: 1989 0.9 5.7 15.6 32.0 16.3 14.3 9.9 5.3 LAT pct: 1990 0.7 5.2 17.2 33.9 16.5 13.7 8.4 4.3 LAT pct: 1991 0.6 5.6 18.5 34.6 16.9 12.4 7.5 3.9 LAT pct: 1992 0.6 5.9 18.9 34.8 17.1 11.8 6.9 3.9 LAT pct: 1993 2.4 4.7 10.6 31.8 14.1 20.0 10.6 5.9 LAT pct: 1994 2.4 4.9 11.0 32.9 14.6 18.3 11.0 4.9 LAT pct: 1995 2.4 4.8 11.9 31.0 14.3 19.0 11.9 4.8 LAT pct: 1996 2.4 4.8 11.9 33.3 11.9 19.0 11.9 4.8 LAT pct: 1997 2.4 4.8 11.9 33.3 11.9 19.0 11.9 4.8 LAT pct: 1998 2.4 4.8 11.9 33.3 11.9 19.0 11.9 4.8 LAT pct: 1999 2.3 4.7 14.0 32.6 11.6 18.6 11.6 4.7 LAT pct: 2000 2.3 4.5 11.4 34.1 11.4 20.5 11.4 4.5 LAT pct: 2001 2.3 4.5 11.4 34.1 11.4 20.5 11.4 4.5 LAT pct: 2002 2.2 4.4 13.3 33.3 11.1 20.0 11.1 4.4 LAT pct: 2003 2.2 4.4 13.3 33.3 11.1 20.0 11.1 4.4 LAT pct: 2004 2.2 4.4 13.3 33.3 11.1 20.0 11.1 4.4 LAT pct: 2005 1.8 7.0 15.8 33.3 12.3 17.5 8.8 3.5 LAT pct: 2006 1.8 7.0 15.8 33.3 12.3 17.5 8.8 3.5 LAT pct: 2007 1.7 6.9 15.5 32.8 13.8 17.2 8.6 3.4 LAT pct: 2008 1.5 6.2 16.9 30.8 13.8 18.5 9.2 3.1 LAT pct: 2009 1.5 6.2 16.9 30.8 13.8 18.5 9.2 3.1 [chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$
So we can now answer what happened with that big thermometer deletion at the 1992 1993 boundary. The thermometers in some of the more “equator-ward” bands nearly double their percentages, while the “middle bands” and more “pole-ward” get winnowed.
Aye, Mates, I think I found yer Warming Prolem! You been leaving yer thermometers behind when you visit up North on holiday! Pack out yer empties AND yer thermometers. Crikey, you don’t want the whole world thinkin’ it’s you blokes warmin’ the place up!
Aussie Stations – Fair Go and Far Gone
In STEP2 of GIStemp, it tosses a bunch of records. It does not like a thermometer record if it is shorter than 20 years. Sounds reasonable, until you realize that a new “modification flag” can be assigned for relatively unimportant reasons (change of equipment, change of how the record is adjusted for siting changes, etc.) so unless a site never changes, it is like to have a change of “modification flag” and start having short records.
Under:
https://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/10/22/thermometer-langoliers-lunch-2005-vs-2008/
“Ripper” had asked what Australian stations were kept, and which were tossed. This is the answer. Of 586 records in the v2.inv “station inventory” file (not including the Australian stations in Antarctica) there are 501 that make it into the “used” list and 86 that are “tossed”. The astute reader will notice that that adds up to 587, so one station is both “kept” and “tossed”. That happens when a record in v2.inv (that has no “modification flag”) has two records with modificaton flags. One too short for keeping. Rather like in “The Curious Case Of Calcutta”.
In this case, it is “LAUNCESTON AI” that has a “5” mod flag record that gets tossed, while the “0” mod flag record is kept.
You can see the two graphs here:
First, as “combined”
Then, as “homogenized” and uncombined
So who is Far Gone?
These are the station records that are dropped. The format is the 9 digit StationID (5 of Station, 3 of substation, 1 of modificaton flag), the Station Name, then 3 letters (the first one will always be a blank for Australia, it is the USA Brightness Index for USA stations only), the Rural Urban Suburban flag, the single letter GHCN brightness flag (ABC) the 3 digit country code, then the invarient text “ dropped”.
[chiefio@tubularbells STEP2]$ cat AUSSIE.DROPPED 941020000 TROUGHTON ISL RA501 dropped 941170000 MANGO FARM RA501 dropped 941190000 GARDEN POINT RA501 dropped 941370000 JABIRU AIRPOR RB501 dropped 941400000 MILINGIMBI AW RA501 dropped 941440000 ROPER BAR STO RA501 dropped 942010010 DERBY (KOOLAN ISLAND) RA501 dropped 942200000 TIMBER CREEK RA501 dropped 942290000 WAVE HILL RA501 dropped 942360000 ELLIOTT RA501 dropped 942480000 CENTRE ISLAND RA501 dropped 942560000 MORNINGTON IS RA501 dropped 943190000 TELFER RC501 dropped 943200000 BALGO HILLS RA501 dropped 943740003 ROCKHAMPTON A UC501 dropped 943870000 BUNDABERG AER SB501 dropped 944010000 KALBARRI RA501 dropped 944040000 PAYNES FIND RA501 dropped 944140000 ENEABBA RA501 dropped 944400000 YEELIRRIE RA501 dropped 944440010 MENZIES (DIEMALS) RA501 dropped 944610010 WARBURTON RANGE AUSTRALIA RA501 dropped 944660000 KULGERA RA501 dropped 945420010 DALBY POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 945690010 CALOUNDRA SIGNAL STATION RC501 dropped 945750000 ARCHERFIELD UC501 dropped 945810010 BEAUDESERT COMPOSITE RA501 dropped 945820000 MURWILLUMBAH RA501 dropped 945950000 CAPE BYRON RB501 dropped 946110000 MOORA RB501 dropped 946250010 PINGELLY (PINGELLY POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 946740000 LEIGH CREEK A RA501 dropped 946750000 ADELAIDE UC501 dropped 946750010 ADELAIDE REGIONAL OFFICE UC501 dropped 946760000 ARKAROOLA RA501 dropped 946790010 BUNDALEER FOREST RESERVE RA501 dropped 946890010 STEPHENS CREEK RESERVOIR RA501 dropped 947120010 BOOROWA POST OFFICE WAS 07 RB501 dropped 947160000 GOULBURN SC501 dropped 947260010 BLAYNEY POST OFFICE RB501 dropped 947270010 GULGONG POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 947470020 MITTAGONG POOL RB501 dropped 947710000 CESSNOCK SB501 dropped 947760010 NELSON BAY MONTEVIDEO PARADE RC501 dropped 948280000 PORTLAND AIRP RA501 dropped 948290000 HAMILTON AIRP SA501 dropped 948320000 WARRNAMBOOL A SA501 dropped 948420010 APOLLO BAY POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 948450010 FORREST STATE FOREST RA501 dropped 948450020 COLAC (ELLIMINYT) RA501 dropped 948490010 AVOCA POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 948620010 YARRAWONGA POST OFFICE RC501 dropped 948690010 WANGANELLA (ZARA) RA501 dropped 948800010 WARRAGUL POST OFFICE RC501 dropped 948800020 NOOJEE RA501 dropped 948800030 WOODS POINT RA501 dropped 948950010 RUTHERGLEN POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 948960000 ALBURY AIRPOR SC501 dropped 948990000 CORRYONG RA501 dropped 949120000 BAIRNSDALE AI RA501 dropped 949150000 PERISHER VALL RA501 dropped 949220010 GUDGENBY RA501 dropped 949230000 COOMA RA501 dropped 949260020 CANBERRA CITY UC501 dropped 949680005 LAUNCESTON AI SB501 dropped 949690010 DELORAINE (ASHLEY HOME) RA501 dropped 949780010 PALMERS LOOKOUT RA501 dropped 953100000 PARABURDOO RB501 dropped 954000000 THREE RIVERS RA501 dropped 955120020 GOODOOGA POST OFFICE RA501 dropped 955330000 TEXAS (POST O RA501 dropped 956140000 KARNET RA501 dropped 956180000 WAGIN RA501 dropped 956270000 HYDEN RA501 dropped 956450000 MELALEUCA RA501 dropped 956600000 ANDAMOOKA RA501 dropped 956640000 WHYALLA AIRPO SB501 dropped 957580010 SCONE SOIL CONSERVATION RA501 dropped 957730010 WALCHA POST OFFICE RB501 dropped 957740010 NARARA AGRIC RESEARCH STATION RC501 dropped 958170010 PENOLA STATE FOREST RESERVE RA501 dropped 958710010 DOOKIE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE RA501 dropped 959080000 THREDBO RA501 dropped 959600010 DEVONPORT EAST SC501 dropped 959790030 MOUNT WELLINGTON AWS RB501 dropped 959890010 BICHENO COMPOSITE RA501 dropped
And Who had a Fair Go?
Yes, once again we get “yet another file format”. What? You expected any two files to have the same layout? Silly person ;-)
This one has the name of the “latitude band” file that the record was placed into. So “Ts.CHCN.CL.”{band number} will start every line. I have deleted that invariant text so the printout will fit more nicely on the page. These lines will begin with a digit. There are 6 latitude bands of 30 degrees each in STEP2. Australia looks to be in 4 and 5. Next is the 9 digit version of the station code. (5 digits of station, 3 of substation, and 1 of modification flag.) This time Country Code gets stuck on the far end of the line as cc=501… Following the StationID is the name, then the latitude and longitude in 1/10 degrees (In the original there is an infixed lable telling you that over and over and over… I have deleted that as well.) We then have two letters that look to me like the Rural Urban Suburban flag and the GHCN style brightness flag (though I’ve not explicitly validated this. Frankly, I’m a bit tired of looking at this code tonight.)
So this first line says it ends up in latitude zone / band “4”, is StationID 94101 with no substation “000” and the “0” modification history flag. The name is “Kalumburu” and it is located at 14.3 S 126.6 E is a Rural station and has an “A” brightness, located in Australia.
[chiefio@tubularbells STEP2]$ cat AUSSIE.USD 4 941010000 KALUMBURU -143 1266 R A cc=501 4 941200004 DARWIN AIRPOR -124 1309 U C cc=501 4 941240000 MIDDLE POINT -126 1313 R A cc=501 4 941320000 KATHERINE AER -144 1323 R C cc=501 4 941380000 GUNBALUNYA -123 1331 R A cc=501 4 941390000 WARRUWI -117 1334 R A cc=501 4 941420000 MANINGRIDA -121 1342 R A cc=501 4 941460000 ELCHO ISLAND -120 1356 R A cc=501 4 941500001 GOVE AIRPORT -123 1368 R A cc=501 4 941700010 WEIPA COMPOSITE -126 1419 R C cc=501 4 941750004 THURSDAY ISLA -106 1422 R B cc=501 4 941840000 COEN AIRPORT -137 1431 R A cc=501 4 941850000 COEN (POST OF -139 1432 R A cc=501 4 941860000 LOCKHART RIVE -128 1433 R A cc=501 4 941870000 MUSGRAVE STAT -148 1435 R A cc=501 4 942000000 MANDORA -197 1208 R A cc=501 4 942020000 LA GRANGE -187 1218 R A cc=501 4 942030004 BROOME AIRPOR -179 1222 R B cc=501 4 942050000 DERBY -173 1236 R C cc=501 4 942080000 KURI BAY -155 1245 R A cc=501 4 942090010 FITZROY CROSSING (FITZ.CROSS.C -182 1256 R A cc=501 4 942120005 HALLS CREEK A -182 1277 R A cc=501 4 942130000 TURKEY CREEK -170 1282 R A cc=501 4 942140000 WYNDHAM -155 1281 R A cc=501 4 942140010 WYNDHAM (WYNDHAM PORT) WAS 00 -155 1281 R A cc=501 4 942320000 VICTORIA RIVE -164 1310 R A cc=501 4 942370000 LARRIMAH -156 1332 R A cc=501 4 942370010 DALY WATERS AUSTRAL -162 1333 R A cc=501 4 942370020 DALY WATERS PUB (DALY WATERS C -162 1334 R A cc=501 4 942380000 TENNANT CREEK MO -196 1342 R B cc=501 4 942380020 TENNANT CREEK -196 1342 R B cc=501 4 942390000 MCARTHUR RIVE -164 1361 R A cc=501 4 942420000 BRUNETTE DOWN -186 1359 R A cc=501 4 942550000 CAMOOWEAL -199 1381 R A cc=501 4 942590000 BURKETOWN -177 1395 R A cc=501 4 942670000 NORMANTON -177 1411 R A cc=501 4 942670010 DONORS HILL -187 1406 R A cc=501 4 942680000 KOWANYAMA -155 1417 R A cc=501 4 942690000 CROYDON -182 1422 R A cc=501 4 942750000 GEORGETOWN -183 1436 R A cc=501 4 942750010 MOUNT SURPRISE -181 1443 R A cc=501 4 942760000 PALMERVILLE -170 1441 R A cc=501 4 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cc=501 5 949110000 OMEO -371 1476 R A cc=501 5 949160000 CABRAMURRA -359 1484 R A cc=501 5 949170000 ORBOST -377 1484 R B cc=501 5 949180000 TUMBARUMBA -358 1480 R B cc=501 5 949230010 NIMMITABEL POST OFFICE -365 1493 R A cc=501 5 949260004 CANBERRA AIRP -353 1492 U C cc=501 5 949260010 QUEANBEYAN (BOWLING CLUB) -354 1492 U C cc=501 5 949270010 CASSILIS (DALKEITH) -320 1500 R A cc=501 5 949280000 BOMBALA -369 1492 R C cc=501 5 949310000 BEGA -367 1498 R C cc=501 5 949320000 POINT HICKS -378 1493 R A cc=501 5 949330000 GABO ISLAND -376 1499 R A cc=501 5 949340010 GREEN CAPE LIGHTHOUSE -373 1501 R A cc=501 5 949370000 MORUYA HEADS -359 1502 R A cc=501 5 949380010 NERRIGA COMPOSITE WAS 06 -351 1501 R A cc=501 5 949400000 JERVIS BAY -351 1508 R A cc=501 5 949410010 BRAIDWOOD (WALLACE STREET) -355 1500 R A cc=501 5 949500010 MARRAWAH (MARSHALL) -409 1447 R A cc=501 5 949510010 ERRIBA -415 1461 R A cc=501 5 949520010 SMITHTON -409 1451 R B cc=501 5 949520020 STANLEY POST OFFICE -408 1453 R A cc=501 5 949580010 BURNIE (ROUND HILL) -411 1459 S B cc=501 5 949610010 SOUTHPORT -434 1470 R A cc=501 5 949620007 MAATSUYKER IS -436 1463 R A cc=501 5 949640010 BUSHY PARK -427 1469 R A cc=501 5 949650000 LOW HEAD -410 1468 R A cc=501 5 949670000 CAPE BRUNY -435 1472 R A cc=501 5 949680000 LAUNCESTON AI -415 1472 S B cc=501 5 949690020 WESTBURY -415 1468 R A cc=501 5 949700010 HOBART REGIONAL OFFICE -429 1473 U C cc=501 5 949710010 OATLANDS POST OFFICE -423 1474 R A cc=501 5 949720010 SCOTTSDALE 2 -412 1475 R A cc=501 5 949740010 CAPE SORELL (AWS) -422 1452 R A cc=501 5 949750003 HOBART AIRPOR -428 1475 U B cc=501 5 949800010 FLINDERS IS.AIRPORT -401 1480 R A cc=501 5 949810010 SWANSEA -421 1481 R A cc=501 5 949820010 ST HELENS POST OFFICE -413 1483 R A cc=501 5 949830000 EDDYSTONE POI -410 1483 R A cc=501 5 949950001 LORD HOWE ISL -315 1591 R A cc=501 5 949980001 MACQUARIE ISL -545 1589 R A cc=501 5 955120010 BREWARRINA POST OFFICE -300 1469 R A cc=501 5 955410010 BUNDARRA POST OFFICE -302 1511 R A cc=501 5 956000000 JURIEN -303 1150 R A cc=501 5 956060000 LANCELIN -310 1153 R A cc=501 5 956080010 DONNYBROOK(DONNYBROOK POST OFF -336 1158 R A cc=501 5 956100010 KALAMUNDA (KALAMUNDA) -320 1161 U C cc=501 5 956110000 METTLER -346 1185 R A cc=501 5 956130000 PEMBERTON -345 1160 R A cc=501 5 956240000 MERREDIN -315 1183 R B cc=501 5 956260000 NAREMBEEN -321 1184 R A cc=501 5 956280000 ONGERUP -340 1185 R A cc=501 5 956460000 FORREST (FORREST AMO) -308 1281 R A cc=501 5 956550000 NONNING -325 1365 R A cc=501 5 956660010 YUDNAPINNA -321 1372 R A cc=501 5 956670010 CLARE POST OFFICE -338 1386 R B cc=501 5 956760000 EDINBURGH M.O -347 1386 U C cc=501 5 956770000 PARAFIELD AIR -348 1386 U C cc=501 5 956780010 BELAIR (KALYRA) -350 1386 U C cc=501 5 957040000 GRIFFITH AIRP -342 1461 S B cc=501 5 957070000 LAKE CARGELLI -333 1464 R B cc=501 5 957070010 NARADHAN (MARSHALL) -336 1463 R A cc=501 5 957070020 MOUNT HOPE -329 1459 R A cc=501 5 957150010 WALGETT POST OFFICE -300 1481 R B cc=501 5 957230000 YASS -349 1489 R C cc=501 5 957270000 DUNEDOO -320 1494 R A cc=501 5 957350010 JENOLAN CAVES -338 1500 R A cc=501 5 957460000 QUIRINDI -315 1507 R C cc=501 5 957500000 LIVERPOOL -339 1509 U C cc=501 5 957500010 CAMDEN AIRPORT / MO 1943-1944 -340 1507 R B cc=501 5 957530000 RICHMOND AMO -336 1508 R B cc=501 5 957530010 RICHMOND (HAWKESBURY AGRIC. CO -336 1508 R C cc=501 5 957580020 SCONE (PHILLIP STREET) -320 1509 R B cc=501 5 957620000 TAMWORTH AIRP -311 1508 S B cc=501 5 958100000 MT CRAWFORD -347 1389 R A cc=501 5 958120000 MURRAY BRIDGE -351 1393 R C cc=501 5 958140000 MENINGIE -357 1393 R A cc=501 5 958340000 HORSHAM (COMP -366 1421 R A cc=501 5 958340010 LONGERENONG AGRICULTURE COLLEG -367 1423 R A cc=501 5 958420000 DONALD -364 1430 R A cc=501 5 958420010 ST ARNAUD FORESTRY -366 1433 R C cc=501 5 958420020 WYCHEPROOF POST OFFICE -361 1432 R A cc=501 5 958420030 BIRCHIP POST OFFICE -360 1429 R A cc=501 5 958530000 CASTLEMAINE -371 1442 R C cc=501 5 958710000 LEMNOS -364 1455 S B cc=501 5 958810000 WONTHAGGI COM -386 1456 R C cc=501 5 958840000 OLSENS BRIDGE -385 1463 R A cc=501 5 959040000 LAKES ENTRANC -379 1480 R C cc=501 5 959090000 CRACKENBACK -365 1483 R A cc=501 5 959300000 MERIMBULA AIR -369 1499 R C cc=501 5 959350010 MONTAGUE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE -362 1502 R A cc=501 5 959500010 WARATAH -415 1455 R A cc=501 5 959510010 QUEENSTOWN (7XS) -421 1456 R C cc=501 5 959530010 STRATHGORDON -428 1461 R A cc=501 5 959550010 MIENA (HEC) WAS 09 -420 1467 R A cc=501 5 959570010 WYNYARD -410 1457 R A cc=501 5 959680010 PALMERSTON (COMPOSITE) -418 1470 R A cc=501 5 959700010 BUTLERS GORGE -423 1463 R A cc=501 5 959790010 GROVE RESEARCH -430 1471 R A cc=501 5 959790020 THE SPRINGS (MOUNTAIN LODGE) -429 1473 R B cc=501 5 959840010 ORFORD POST OFFICE -425 1479 R A cc=501 [chiefio@tubularbells STEP2]$
What About The Far Ago Times?
This is a chart of the temperature history of Australia. It looks as though the Thermometer Langoliers have been at work here, too. This is “by location” so I ignore the “modification flag”.
We have year, 12 monthly averages of daily MIN-MAX averages, an annual average of those daily averages (not the monthly averages) and the number of thermometers. In this case we have some data dropouts, so a -999 shows “no data”. Oddly, in 1994, despite 43 thermometer locations, “June” was lost somehow. The last line is an average of all daily MIN-MAX averages for each month.
The early years have only one thermometer, in HOBART:
50194975000 HOBART AIRPOR -42.83 147.48
At the southern edge of Tasmania. That accounts for the cold bias. By 1858, we have Adelaide, Armidale, and Melbourne. A little warmer, but still in a somewhat cool coastal corner. By about 1880 we have enough thermometer to get a more or less stable record, that stays pretty stable until today. There was a peak of 496 locations in 1972, but since then the GHCN records have been cut back to only 65 locations in 2008. Yet January has been “25 and a bit” degrees C since 1908. Though winters look like they have warmed by a degree or so over the last century. I can live with warmer winters. Especially when it’s all the way up to 12-13C.
So my “eyeball” of this chart shows some moderation of winters, but certainly no “runaway global warming”. Though from 1993 on we do have a possible “location bias” from the Thermometer Langoliers… It looks to me like winters have a bit of a “step function” higher then.
[chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$ cat AUS.loc
1841 20.0 19.1 17.3 12.1 10.5 8.3 6.2 8.8 11.7 13.3 15.6 16.1 13.3 1
1842 17.7 18.0 16.2 11.9 10.5 7.6 5.6 8.2 11.8 11.1 15.3 16.0 12.5 1
1843 17.5 18.1 16.3 12.2 11.0 9.3 6.9 8.5 10.6 13.3 -999 17.6 11.8 1
1844 17.1 18.4 14.7 11.0 10.8 7.6 6.6 7.6 10.4 12.3 13.2 16.2 12.2 1
1845 18.5 17.1 16.3 13.4 10.0 7.6 8.3 8.8 12.2 13.3 15.5 17.4 13.2 1
1846 18.3 16.2 15.7 12.7 10.3 8.4 6.9 7.6 10.7 13.4 16.2 18.6 12.9 1
1847 18.0 17.4 15.3 12.6 9.3 7.0 7.2 9.5 11.8 12.7 14.0 18.2 12.8 1
1848 16.7 15.7 16.3 15.1 9.8 8.0 6.0 7.8 9.3 11.3 13.0 14.5 12.0 1
1849 16.0 14.6 13.6 -999 8.9 7.1 6.6 8.4 8.5 12.3 12.8 15.4 10.4 1
1850 16.0 15.7 16.4 12.9 10.6 8.6 6.3 7.6 -999 13.1 13.6 16.3 11.4 1
1851 17.0 17.2 14.6 13.8 10.1 8.8 7.8 8.4 10.6 11.9 12.6 16.6 12.5 1
1852 16.1 17.6 16.1 12.8 9.4 7.4 7.0 7.9 10.7 11.7 14.3 13.8 12.1 1
1853 15.5 15.1 13.7 12.7 9.5 6.6 7.0 8.6 9.0 11.2 13.9 16.9 11.6 1
1854 18.1 17.3 13.5 13.5 9.7 7.0 7.0 8.9 8.9 12.5 12.9 16.3 12.1 1
1855 -999 -999 -999 -999 12.8 10.2 9.0 10.4 12.7 14.8 16.6 18.1 8.7 1
1856 19.9 20.4 -999 16.4 12.1 10.5 8.2 11.0 12.6 14.1 15.3 16.4 13.1 1
1857 20.8 25.3 19.0 17.1 12.1 10.7 10.7 11.5 13.0 14.7 17.1 20.9 16.1 3
1858 23.5 21.1 19.8 15.5 12.0 9.3 8.1 9.5 11.1 14.5 18.1 19.6 15.2 3
1859 20.9 20.1 18.6 16.0 12.7 10.0 8.9 11.5 12.5 16.6 18.1 20.5 15.5 4
1860 21.6 20.8 20.6 17.1 13.9 11.6 10.6 12.2 13.9 15.4 17.3 19.5 16.2 4
1861 21.0 20.8 21.0 17.6 12.9 11.4 9.2 10.1 12.8 16.6 17.6 19.1 15.8 5
1862 21.9 21.0 21.4 16.5 14.0 11.8 11.9 11.7 15.0 16.8 20.1 21.1 16.9 6
1863 21.0 21.3 20.0 17.3 14.3 11.8 10.8 11.2 12.8 15.1 17.5 19.2 16.0 7
1864 20.7 19.5 19.0 17.2 13.9 11.4 10.4 11.5 14.1 14.4 17.5 18.4 15.7 6
1865 18.7 19.1 18.4 17.0 12.1 10.8 9.6 11.3 13.0 14.6 17.9 17.4 15.0 7
1866 19.6 20.3 17.8 16.6 14.3 11.5 9.9 11.2 12.5 14.8 15.3 17.7 15.1 7
1867 19.8 19.8 18.3 16.2 13.8 12.7 11.1 11.7 13.5 17.0 18.3 19.4 16.0 9
1868 19.4 20.1 20.6 16.1 13.8 11.7 10.4 11.3 13.9 16.4 18.0 20.1 16.0 9
1869 21.3 20.6 20.2 16.2 12.5 11.7 10.5 12.1 12.7 14.8 18.4 19.5 15.9 9
1870 20.9 21.6 19.0 17.3 13.3 11.7 10.3 11.0 12.6 15.8 16.9 19.1 15.8 10
1871 20.7 21.3 18.1 16.8 14.5 11.5 10.3 12.0 13.7 15.2 17.7 21.7 16.1 11
1872 22.7 21.8 20.3 15.7 12.5 11.9 10.2 9.4 13.8 16.2 19.7 20.6 16.2 11
1873 21.4 21.7 19.7 16.5 13.7 12.8 9.4 12.2 13.9 17.0 16.4 21.4 16.3 12
1874 21.9 21.1 19.8 17.8 13.1 10.3 9.4 10.3 12.2 16.8 18.0 20.9 16.0 12
1875 22.6 21.6 20.5 17.4 13.0 11.7 10.2 11.9 12.8 16.9 18.6 19.9 16.4 11
1876 22.7 21.9 21.7 16.7 13.7 10.1 9.6 10.8 13.9 16.6 18.7 22.3 16.6 13
1877 22.2 22.7 20.0 16.9 13.3 11.4 11.4 12.0 13.1 15.7 18.6 20.9 16.5 17
1878 22.9 22.0 21.6 18.1 13.8 9.9 10.8 12.5 14.9 17.2 19.3 20.9 17.0 18
1879 23.2 22.3 20.2 17.3 12.7 10.2 9.5 11.6 13.9 16.3 18.2 20.2 16.3 22
1880 22.5 22.6 20.7 17.1 13.4 10.5 9.3 12.1 14.1 15.2 18.6 21.3 16.5 24
1881 22.2 22.0 20.4 17.1 14.4 9.9 9.8 11.5 13.7 15.9 18.6 21.9 16.4 29
1882 23.7 22.5 21.6 17.6 14.5 11.1 10.7 12.3 15.0 17.4 20.1 21.1 17.3 29
1883 22.7 22.0 20.6 17.8 13.7 12.5 10.5 12.2 13.4 16.4 19.0 21.4 16.8 30
1884 21.8 22.5 21.0 17.6 13.7 11.6 10.7 12.7 14.5 16.8 19.7 20.4 16.9 30
1885 23.0 22.4 19.9 16.9 14.3 10.8 10.4 12.2 14.5 18.1 19.4 22.5 17.0 33
1886 23.5 21.6 20.1 17.7 13.2 11.0 10.9 11.7 14.6 15.5 19.7 21.2 16.7 32
1887 23.9 22.0 21.2 17.9 13.2 10.8 10.8 12.0 13.2 16.6 18.5 21.7 16.8 36
1888 23.8 23.1 20.5 18.9 14.7 13.1 11.6 12.6 15.9 18.2 22.3 23.8 18.2 39
1889 24.2 24.3 22.6 19.0 15.7 12.5 11.3 12.8 15.0 19.0 21.3 23.6 18.4 41
1890 24.5 23.5 22.3 18.6 15.4 13.6 10.9 12.8 15.6 18.0 20.0 21.9 18.1 40
1891 22.5 22.1 21.8 17.6 15.0 12.3 11.1 12.4 14.6 17.6 20.5 22.4 17.5 40
1892 23.0 23.9 23.0 17.6 14.7 12.3 11.4 13.3 15.1 18.0 21.1 21.8 17.9 41
1893 23.4 23.7 22.1 17.9 15.2 11.8 11.5 13.0 15.0 18.8 20.4 22.6 18.0 42
1894 23.7 22.7 21.7 18.4 13.7 12.2 10.6 12.2 13.8 18.3 21.4 22.6 17.6 46
1895 22.3 22.7 21.1 17.9 13.8 11.8 9.8 13.0 14.7 19.0 20.2 22.8 17.4 49
1896 24.6 23.1 21.3 17.4 13.7 10.8 9.7 11.2 14.0 19.0 20.4 23.2 17.4 50
1897 22.2 22.2 19.4 18.2 13.5 12.3 11.6 11.4 14.5 16.1 20.6 22.8 17.1 54
1898 24.1 24.1 21.4 17.3 13.3 11.8 11.2 12.9 15.0 17.7 19.7 22.3 17.6 62
1899 21.5 24.0 21.5 18.0 13.6 11.7 10.3 12.0 15.2 16.1 19.7 23.0 17.2 66
1900 23.3 23.9 20.2 16.4 13.5 12.3 10.2 11.2 13.2 17.1 20.2 22.1 17.0 71
1901 22.3 23.3 20.7 17.5 14.8 10.7 10.0 11.7 15.2 16.9 21.3 22.4 17.2 77
1902 22.4 21.9 21.0 18.1 14.5 11.6 11.0 11.7 14.4 17.1 20.8 21.2 17.1 80
1903 22.9 22.3 20.9 16.9 13.5 11.2 10.3 11.5 13.8 16.6 19.4 20.7 16.7 88
1904 22.3 21.8 20.1 18.5 14.3 11.2 10.6 11.8 13.1 16.4 19.6 22.2 16.8 88
1905 23.5 21.7 20.6 18.0 14.6 11.4 10.4 11.2 12.0 14.6 19.0 21.9 16.6 91
1906 24.2 24.2 20.6 18.7 14.8 12.7 11.0 11.6 13.4 16.7 18.0 22.0 17.3 93
1907 23.5 23.3 20.9 17.9 15.1 12.3 11.1 12.9 15.4 18.4 20.5 22.5 17.8 170
1908 25.4 23.5 21.2 18.7 14.9 10.6 11.1 12.2 14.4 17.7 21.8 23.6 17.9 176
1909 23.2 22.6 21.4 17.0 14.3 12.5 10.7 12.6 14.8 18.2 20.7 21.9 17.5 183
1910 23.9 23.8 21.4 19.0 15.4 12.6 11.5 13.4 16.2 17.1 20.3 22.0 18.1 194
1911 23.1 22.6 21.0 17.5 14.7 11.1 11.4 13.0 15.6 18.0 21.8 22.8 17.7 198
1912 24.1 24.9 22.3 18.2 14.7 12.7 11.6 13.1 15.1 18.1 20.6 23.0 18.2 202
1913 23.8 23.9 20.9 19.0 14.0 11.8 11.9 12.4 15.1 18.7 20.5 23.7 18.0 217
1914 24.6 24.5 22.5 19.1 15.5 12.8 11.2 13.7 15.9 19.6 22.8 24.1 18.9 222
1915 23.8 25.1 22.4 19.2 14.5 12.8 12.6 12.8 16.2 17.7 21.1 22.7 18.4 226
1916 24.4 24.0 22.0 18.1 15.1 12.6 11.5 12.6 15.9 17.4 18.7 22.1 17.9 226
1917 23.6 21.7 20.9 17.2 13.3 11.7 11.9 12.5 15.2 17.7 19.6 22.6 17.3 228
1918 23.3 22.7 20.8 18.1 15.1 12.5 10.6 13.0 15.3 17.7 21.0 23.1 17.8 228
1919 24.2 24.3 21.5 19.4 15.8 12.9 11.3 12.5 15.5 18.5 22.0 23.8 18.5 230
1920 23.3 23.5 21.0 18.1 14.4 12.7 11.8 12.4 15.3 18.3 21.3 22.7 17.9 228
1921 23.8 24.0 21.4 18.5 16.2 13.6 12.8 11.9 15.8 17.2 21.6 22.6 18.3 232
1922 23.0 23.6 21.3 19.5 14.8 12.3 11.0 11.9 15.1 18.4 21.4 22.7 17.9 230
1923 23.4 24.5 22.5 19.3 15.9 12.3 11.2 12.1 14.7 17.7 19.6 23.5 18.1 229
1924 22.9 22.6 21.1 17.1 14.6 11.8 12.0 12.8 15.6 17.7 20.0 21.4 17.5 230
1925 22.5 23.0 21.0 18.3 14.9 12.6 10.6 11.9 13.8 17.7 20.9 23.1 17.5 236
1926 23.4 24.9 22.2 18.8 14.1 12.5 12.2 12.9 15.6 18.5 20.9 22.1 18.2 237
1927 23.7 22.7 21.3 17.8 14.0 11.9 11.1 12.1 15.0 18.5 21.5 22.3 17.7 237
1928 23.1 23.5 22.0 19.3 14.0 11.8 11.7 13.9 16.3 18.0 21.0 23.3 18.2 233
1929 24.2 24.2 21.4 17.4 14.1 11.4 10.0 12.5 14.5 17.9 20.2 22.0 17.5 235
1930 23.4 24.4 21.8 17.9 15.0 12.6 12.4 12.7 14.8 18.5 20.8 22.4 18.1 233
1931 23.4 23.2 21.5 17.7 15.2 12.5 11.4 12.7 15.2 17.2 19.9 22.7 17.7 237
1932 25.4 23.2 21.7 18.2 15.3 11.7 11.0 12.5 15.0 17.1 20.9 22.3 17.9 238
1933 23.4 23.2 22.3 18.3 14.8 12.6 11.6 11.5 15.0 18.3 19.9 21.9 17.7 239
1934 23.9 23.3 22.6 17.9 15.5 11.8 11.9 12.7 15.4 17.2 20.1 22.0 17.9 239
1935 23.4 23.3 21.2 17.7 14.1 11.6 11.3 13.0 14.8 18.1 20.6 22.7 17.6 241
1936 23.6 23.3 21.6 17.4 14.8 11.4 11.9 13.6 14.8 18.2 20.6 22.8 17.8 245
1937 23.1 23.2 21.5 17.5 14.8 11.4 11.2 13.1 15.4 18.9 21.4 23.3 17.9 244
1938 23.8 23.2 22.7 19.3 16.4 12.2 11.3 12.4 15.4 19.0 21.7 23.4 18.4 258
1939 25.5 24.4 21.8 18.7 16.1 12.4 10.8 12.1 14.5 17.4 20.2 22.5 18.0 271
1940 24.3 23.4 23.1 18.1 14.2 12.7 11.6 13.2 15.8 19.4 20.7 23.6 18.3 270
1941 22.6 22.9 20.9 18.9 15.1 12.5 11.9 12.4 15.6 17.8 21.6 23.4 18.0 277
1942 24.9 23.1 22.4 19.0 16.1 13.4 12.1 13.7 15.8 17.9 21.0 22.9 18.5 280
1943 23.6 23.5 22.9 18.1 14.6 11.5 11.2 11.8 15.2 18.2 20.1 22.7 17.8 284
1944 24.7 23.1 21.6 17.3 13.9 12.2 11.8 12.8 16.0 18.6 22.1 22.9 18.1 287
1945 23.9 23.3 21.3 18.7 15.1 13.9 11.3 13.9 15.1 17.8 21.1 23.5 18.2 291
1946 24.6 23.6 20.7 17.5 15.2 11.2 12.1 12.9 15.2 17.5 21.4 23.3 17.9 293
1947 24.9 24.1 22.0 18.2 16.2 13.1 11.9 12.9 15.3 17.6 19.9 22.3 18.2 296
1948 22.8 24.3 21.2 17.8 14.4 12.4 11.4 13.3 15.5 18.0 20.5 22.9 17.9 297
1949 23.2 22.7 21.7 17.6 14.6 11.4 12.0 13.2 15.3 18.5 20.3 22.8 17.8 304
1950 23.7 23.1 22.0 18.7 15.7 12.5 12.9 12.9 16.1 17.9 20.3 23.0 18.2 312
1951 23.8 23.9 23.1 17.7 14.9 13.4 11.7 12.0 16.1 18.3 21.1 23.2 18.3 320
1952 24.9 23.5 22.3 18.5 15.0 12.8 11.6 13.0 15.5 18.1 20.0 22.5 18.1 327
1953 23.4 22.8 22.6 19.7 15.1 12.4 11.9 12.3 15.4 18.1 20.6 23.5 18.1 330
1954 24.0 22.9 21.8 19.2 15.0 12.5 12.3 13.5 15.6 18.5 20.8 23.0 18.3 330
1955 24.2 24.1 22.4 19.0 14.8 12.8 11.7 13.6 16.1 18.4 19.9 22.2 18.3 338
1956 23.6 24.4 22.6 18.6 15.0 12.1 11.8 11.9 14.6 17.2 19.7 22.4 17.8 337
1957 23.9 23.7 21.8 19.7 15.8 15.2 11.6 13.8 15.9 19.4 21.9 24.1 18.9 235
1958 24.0 24.3 22.7 20.1 17.7 13.7 12.7 14.1 15.1 18.6 21.9 22.9 19.0 235
1959 24.9 24.2 23.1 19.9 15.9 14.0 13.2 14.4 16.4 18.8 22.6 22.6 19.2 242
1960 24.9 23.7 22.4 19.1 14.5 12.7 12.6 12.8 15.9 19.3 20.5 23.4 18.5 242
1961 24.9 24.2 22.6 19.9 15.8 13.7 12.4 13.4 16.9 20.2 21.6 23.6 19.1 246
1962 24.2 23.7 22.1 19.2 15.4 14.7 13.0 13.4 16.0 18.1 21.6 22.7 18.7 285
1963 23.6 23.7 22.6 18.7 16.1 13.1 12.0 13.7 16.1 19.2 20.9 23.1 18.6 282
1964 23.7 23.1 22.2 19.3 15.6 13.7 13.0 13.7 16.4 17.5 20.7 21.5 18.4 284
1965 23.1 24.2 22.0 18.3 15.7 13.0 11.3 13.5 16.6 19.3 20.6 23.4 18.4 411
1966 23.9 23.4 22.0 18.9 14.9 12.8 11.6 12.8 15.3 17.6 20.9 22.1 18.0 430
1967 23.7 23.7 21.1 19.4 15.7 13.9 11.8 12.5 15.3 19.7 21.1 22.1 18.3 442
1968 24.4 24.4 22.6 19.8 14.5 12.8 11.5 12.6 15.0 18.2 20.7 22.0 18.2 456
1969 24.9 24.0 22.1 18.9 15.5 12.7 12.9 14.1 14.1 19.0 20.8 22.3 18.4 472
1970 23.5 24.0 21.8 19.2 15.0 13.6 12.1 12.9 14.8 18.6 20.4 22.7 18.2 488
1971 24.0 24.0 22.6 18.9 15.0 12.3 11.6 13.2 15.6 18.1 19.6 22.3 18.1 489
1972 23.2 23.6 21.5 18.7 15.8 13.1 11.9 13.8 16.4 18.5 21.0 24.3 18.5 496
1973 25.2 24.0 22.0 19.7 16.5 13.2 13.5 13.8 15.9 18.8 20.7 23.2 18.9 492
1974 24.1 23.2 22.8 19.1 15.7 12.8 12.3 13.2 14.8 17.6 19.5 22.4 18.1 494
1975 23.1 23.9 21.5 18.5 16.0 12.9 13.7 13.3 16.4 17.6 21.2 23.2 18.4 498
1976 23.2 23.8 22.3 18.8 15.4 13.1 12.4 13.0 15.3 17.5 20.4 23.3 18.2 462
1977 24.1 24.6 22.0 18.8 15.6 12.8 11.9 14.3 15.2 19.5 21.6 23.7 18.7 459
1978 24.2 24.2 23.0 19.3 16.3 13.0 12.0 13.0 15.2 18.1 20.7 22.2 18.4 461
1979 25.3 24.2 22.6 19.0 15.0 14.1 12.5 13.4 16.0 18.8 22.1 24.3 18.9 459
1980 24.2 24.0 22.9 19.9 17.0 13.6 12.6 14.5 17.2 19.3 22.3 23.8 19.3 463
1981 25.4 24.7 21.9 20.5 16.2 13.0 12.8 13.6 17.3 18.8 20.5 23.4 19.0 464
1982 25.0 24.4 22.2 19.2 15.7 11.8 11.3 14.8 15.7 18.3 22.4 23.7 18.7 464
1983 24.1 25.6 23.2 18.3 16.5 13.2 11.8 14.1 16.8 18.9 20.6 22.8 18.8 470
1984 23.0 23.4 21.1 18.9 15.8 13.4 11.7 13.4 14.7 18.4 21.2 22.3 18.1 466
1985 24.0 24.1 23.1 19.3 16.0 12.6 12.3 13.6 15.5 18.4 21.2 22.7 18.6 468
1986 24.2 24.1 23.4 20.1 16.7 13.6 12.6 13.3 16.9 18.6 21.5 23.1 19.0 463
1987 24.5 24.3 22.2 20.5 16.7 14.9 13.1 14.6 16.9 19.3 22.1 23.7 19.4 351
1988 25.5 24.2 23.3 20.6 17.7 14.7 14.1 14.9 17.7 21.1 21.7 23.9 19.9 327
1989 24.3 24.7 23.3 20.5 17.5 13.4 12.8 13.2 16.8 19.6 21.8 23.7 19.3 320
1990 25.0 24.2 23.7 20.3 17.2 13.7 13.5 13.8 16.6 19.1 22.3 24.3 19.5 419
1991 24.8 24.5 22.4 19.5 16.4 14.9 12.7 13.6 15.9 19.8 20.9 22.6 19.0 456
1992 23.4 23.6 22.6 19.5 15.8 13.0 12.7 13.2 14.9 18.0 21.3 23.2 18.4 446
1993 25.0 24.3 22.6 20.3 17.0 13.7 14.3 14.9 16.7 18.4 21.8 23.3 19.4 45
1994 25.1 24.4 22.5 20.3 17.3 -999 13.8 14.3 16.9 20.0 22.0 24.4 18.4 43
1995 24.6 24.1 22.6 19.4 16.8 14.6 13.8 15.7 17.1 19.5 22.0 22.9 19.4 42
1996 24.4 24.3 21.7 19.8 17.1 15.4 13.9 14.8 17.2 19.8 21.5 23.0 19.4 42
1997 24.2 24.9 22.1 20.0 16.6 14.0 12.8 14.3 17.3 19.8 22.2 23.9 19.3 42
1998 24.9 24.9 23.7 20.3 17.8 14.6 13.2 15.7 17.9 19.7 21.5 23.6 19.8 42
1999 25.2 24.4 23.0 19.2 17.6 14.5 13.9 15.2 17.8 19.9 20.4 22.7 19.5 43
2000 23.7 24.6 22.6 19.9 16.0 13.7 13.8 14.5 18.1 19.4 22.0 23.5 19.3 44
2001 25.4 24.6 22.6 20.4 16.6 14.8 13.7 14.4 17.7 18.8 21.1 22.7 19.4 44
2002 24.2 23.8 23.0 21.1 17.7 14.6 13.9 14.7 17.5 20.2 22.5 24.0 19.8 45
2003 24.9 24.6 22.4 20.4 17.5 14.9 13.9 14.7 17.3 18.7 22.0 24.0 19.6 45
2004 24.2 24.7 22.8 20.6 16.5 14.8 13.5 14.4 16.7 20.5 21.9 23.6 19.5 45
2005 24.7 24.4 23.3 21.6 17.6 14.9 14.2 14.7 17.3 20.1 22.2 23.4 19.9 57
2006 24.1 23.5 22.6 18.4 15.3 12.7 13.0 14.8 17.2 19.5 21.6 22.4 18.8 57
2007 23.8 24.5 22.5 19.9 17.7 12.6 12.9 14.9 17.0 19.5 21.6 22.7 19.1 58
2008 25.7 24.1 23.5 19.9 17.3 15.5 13.7 14.0 18.0 21.0 21.4 23.1 19.8 65
24.0 23.8 22.1 18.9 15.5 12.9 12.0 13.2 15.6 18.4 20.9 22.9 18.4
And finally, if you would like to compare the surving 65 stations in 2008 with the list of total stations above (or at least, the ones that make it through GIStemp), here is the Station Inventory information from the v2.inv file for the present 65 stations active in the GHCN record. My “eyeball scan” of the LAT field looks like more than half with a latitude above the midline of Australia, but as usual, a graph and real coordinates on a map would be more accurate than me staring at my 12 inch globe ;-) In any case, it looks to me like Australia is being “cooked” by having many of it’s thermometers moved toward the Equator.
Usual v2.inv format as described about 1/2 way down here:
https://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/02/24/ghcn-global-historical-climate-network/
3 digit country code, 5 Station, 3 Sub-station, Name, LAT, LONG, etc.
50194120000 DARWIN AIRPOR -12.40 130.87 30 17U 56FLxxCO 3A 1WATER C 21
50194150000 GOVE AIRPORT -12.27 136.82 54 31R -9HIxxCO 6A-9TROPICAL DRY FORA 0
50194203000 BROOME AIRPOR -17.95 122.22 9 2R -9FLDECO 1x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBB 12
50194212000 HALLS CREEK A -18.22 127.65 424 455R -9HIDEno-9A-9SEMIARID WOODS A 0
50194238000 TENNANT CREEK MO -19.63 134.18 375 349R -9HIDEno-9A-9HOT DESERT B 13
50194259000 BURKETOWN -17.73 139.53 8 7R -9FLxxCO30x-9WARM FIELD WOODSA 0
50194287000 CAIRNS AIRPOR -16.88 145.75 7 397S 49HIxxCO 1A 1WATER C 18
50194294000 TOWNSVILLE AM -19.25 146.75 9 15U 86HIxxCO 2A 1EQ. EVERGREEN C 23
50194300000 CARNARVON AIR -24.87 113.67 7 2R -9FLxxCO 1A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB C 8
50194302000 LEARMONTH AIR -22.23 114.08 6 125R -9HIxxCO 1A-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194312000 PORT HEDLAND -20.10 119.57 10 8S 13FLxxCO 5A 5WATER A 0
50194313000 WITTENOOM -22.23 118.33 464 537R -9HIDEno-9x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194326000 ALICE SPRINGS -23.80 133.88 547 559S 18HIxxno-9A10HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194332000 MT ISA AIRPOR -20.67 139.48 344 388S 24HIxxno-9A 5SEMIARID WOODS C 8
50194339000 WINTON (POST -22.38 143.03 184 187R -9FLxxno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB B 7
50194340000 RICHMOND -20.72 143.13 215 201R -9FLxxno-9x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194346000 LONGREACH AIR -23.43 144.27 193 187R -9FLxxno-9x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBB 8
50194367000 MACKAY -21.12 149.22 31 66S 35HIxxCO 1x-9WARM CROPS C 17
50194374000 ROCKHAMPTON A -23.38 150.47 14 66U 50HIxxCO30A 1TROPICAL DRY FORC 15
50194380000 GLADSTONE -23.85 151.25 76 77S 22HIxxCO 1x-9WATER C 26
50194403000 GERALDTON AIR -28.78 114.70 34 22S 21HIxxCO 6A 4MED. GRAZING B 14
50194430000 MEEKATHARRA A -26.60 118.53 518 503R -9HIDEno-9A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB B 0
50194461000 GILES -25.03 128.28 599 624R -9FLDEno-9A-9HOT DESERT A 0
50194476000 OODNADATTA AI -27.58 135.45 117 114R -9HIDEno-9A-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194480000 MARREE -29.65 138.05 51 57R -9HIDEno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194510000 CHARLEVILLE A -26.40 146.27 304 295R -9HIxxno-9A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194568000 AMBERLEY AERO -27.63 152.72 31 83U 100HIxxno-9A 2EQ. EVERGREEN C 10
50194578000 BRISBANE/EAGLE FARM AUSTRA -27.40 153.10 4 37U 943FLxxCO 5A 1COASTAL EDGES C 35
50194589000 YAMBA -29.43 153.35 30 84R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM CROPS B 6
50194601000 CAPE LEEUWIN -34.37 115.12 14 3R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194610000 PERTH AIRPORT -31.90 116.00 18 22U 809FLxxCO20A 2WARM MIXED C 29
50194637000 KALGOORLIE BO -30.78 121.45 370 360S 10FLxxno-9A 1HIGHLAND SHRUB C 25
50194638000 ESPERANCE -33.82 121.88 26 32R -9HIxxCO 2x-9HEATHS, MOORS B 0
50194647000 EUCLA AMO -31.68 128.90 102 67R -9FLDECO 3x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194653000 CEDUNA AIRPOR -32.12 133.70 17 12R -9FLDECO 3A-9MED. GRAZING B 9
50194655000 TARCOOLA -30.72 134.57 120 121R -9FLDEno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194659000 WOOMERA AEROD -31.13 136.82 167 164R -9FLDEno-9A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194672000 ADELAIDE AIRP -34.93 138.52 4 23U 883HIxxCO 2A 1WARM CROPS C 29
50194681000 NURIOOTPA -34.47 139.00 274 249R -9HIxxno-9x-9WARM IRRIGATED B 13
50194693000 MILDURA AIRPO -34.22 142.08 52 48S 16FLxxno-9A 8HIGHLAND SHRUB B 0
50194711000 COBAR -31.48 145.82 265 229R -9HIxxno-9x-9SEMIARID WOODS B 0
50194750000 NOWRA RAN AIR -34.95 150.53 110 216S 18HIxxCO20x-9WARM MIXED A 0
50194767000 SYDNEY AIRPOR -33.95 151.18 3 45U 2877HIxxCO 1A 1WARM MIXED C 46
50194776000 WILLIAMTOWN -32.78 151.82 8 11U 135FLxxCO 5A12WARM MIXED B 0
50194791000 COFFS HARBOUR -30.32 153.12 5 292S 16HIxxCO 1A 1COASTAL EDGES C 13
50194802000 ALBANY (ALBANY A.M.O.) -34.95 117.80 68 63S 15HIxxCO 2x-9WATER C 0
50194812000 ROBE (P.O.) -37.17 139.75 4 2R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194821000 MT GAMBIER AI -37.73 140.78 69 74S 18FLxxno-9A10WARM MIXED A 0
50194826000 CAPE NELSON -38.43 141.55 47 15R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WARM FOR./FIELD A 0
50194842000 CAPE OTWAY -38.85 143.50 83 6R -9HIxxCO 1x-9COASTAL EDGES A 0
50194865000 LAVERTON AERO -37.85 144.73 21 36U 2579FLxxCO 4A 5WARM FOR./FIELD C 16
50194866000 MELBOURNE AIR -37.67 144.83 141 125U 2579FLxxCO20A 2WARM FOR./FIELD C 28
50194893000 WILSONS PROMO -39.12 146.42 97 22R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194907000 EAST SALE AER -38.10 147.13 8 26S 13FLxxCO25A 5WARM FOR./FIELD B 0
50194910000 WAGGA AIRPORT -35.15 147.45 213 299S 37HIxxno-9A 5COOL FOR./FIELD B 0
50194926000 CANBERRA AIRP -35.30 149.18 577 637U 221MVxxno-9A 3WARM FOR./FIELD C 30
50194937000 MORUYA HEADS -35.90 150.15 17 99R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM MIXED A 0
50194967000 CAPE BRUNY -43.50 147.15 53 10R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194968000 LAUNCESTON AI -41.53 147.20 178 146S 31HIxxno-9A 8COOL FIELD/WOODSB 0
50194975000 HOBART AIRPOR -42.83 147.48 27 108U 129HIxxCO 1A15WARM CROPS B 0
50194983000 EDDYSTONE POI -40.98 148.33 14 54R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM CROPS A 0
50194995000 LORD HOWE ISL -31.53 159.07 6 0R -9HIxxCO 1A-9WATER A 0
50194998000 MACQUARIE ISL -54.48 158.95 8 0R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50195646000 FORREST (FORREST AMO) -30.83 128.12 156 164R -9FLDEno-9A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50195753000 RICHMOND AMO -33.60 150.78 20 118R -9HIxxno-9A-9WARM MIXED B 14
[chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$
What happened between 1998 and 2008?
I was mildly bothered that there were a few thermometers “added back in” between 1998 and 2008. Who were they, I wondered… Were a lot of them in places that were further north, or more inland? Well, here’s the answer:
[chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$ Adiff
50194259000 BURKETOWN -17.73 139.53 8 7R -9FLxxCO30x-9WARM FIELD WOODSA 0
50194313000 WITTENOOM -22.23 118.33 464 537R -9HIDEno-9x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194339000 WINTON (POST -22.38 143.03 184 187R -9FLxxno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB B 7
50194340000 RICHMOND -20.72 143.13 215 201R -9FLxxno-9x-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194380000 GLADSTONE -23.85 151.25 76 77S 22HIxxCO 1x-9WATER C 26
50194476000 OODNADATTA AI -27.58 135.45 117 114R -9HIDEno-9A-9WARM GRASS/SHRUBA 0
50194480000 MARREE -29.65 138.05 51 57R -9HIDEno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194568000 AMBERLEY AERO -27.63 152.72 31 83U 100HIxxno-9A 2EQ. EVERGREEN C 10
50194589000 YAMBA -29.43 153.35 30 84R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM CROPS B 6
50194601000 CAPE LEEUWIN -34.37 115.12 14 3R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194655000 TARCOOLA -30.72 134.57 120 121R -9FLDEno-9x-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50194681000 NURIOOTPA -34.47 139.00 274 249R -9HIxxno-9x-9WARM IRRIGATED B 13
50194750000 NOWRA RAN AIR -34.95 150.53 110 216S 18HIxxCO20x-9WARM MIXED A 0
50194812000 ROBE (P.O.) -37.17 139.75 4 2R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194826000 CAPE NELSON -38.43 141.55 47 15R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WARM FOR./FIELD A 0
50194842000 CAPE OTWAY -38.85 143.50 83 6R -9HIxxCO 1x-9COASTAL EDGES A 0
50194866000 MELBOURNE AIR -37.67 144.83 141 125U 2579FLxxCO20A 2WARM FOR./FIELD C 28
50194893000 WILSONS PROMO -39.12 146.42 97 22R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194937000 MORUYA HEADS -35.90 150.15 17 99R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM MIXED A 0
50194967000 CAPE BRUNY -43.50 147.15 53 10R -9HIxxCO 1x-9WATER A 0
50194983000 EDDYSTONE POI -40.98 148.33 14 54R -9FLxxCO 1x-9WARM CROPS A 0
50195646000 FORREST (FORREST AMO) -30.83 128.12 156 164R -9FLDEno-9A-9HIGHLAND SHRUB A 0
50195753000 RICHMOND AMO -33.60 150.78 20 118R -9HIxxno-9A-9WARM MIXED B 14
[chiefio@tubularbells analysis]$
Musings from the Chiefio 
Here’s the chart as a graph
http://sites.google.com/site/elliesgraphs/australia
Excellent work EM . I am going though the Bom site and notice that some stations that are used are closed
Marble bar is a shame as that has records from 1895 to 2006.
http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_stn_num=004020
Doesnt appear to be any warming there .
Goldsworthy closed in 1992
Turkey creek is now Warmun
In my home town Giss has ignored the Meektharra post office record leaving 26 year gap from 1926 – 1950
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/gistemp/findstation.py?datatype=gistemp&data_set=0&name=meekatharra
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_007046.shtml
Interestingly the all time maximum was in this period in February 1933 until it was pipped by 0.1 degree in Jan 08.
I have downloaded the data and When i can work out how to chart I will do one.
@Ripper:
All this climate stuff is improving my geographical knowledge no end (always was interested in geography and travel anyway ;-)
I have lost about 4 hours this morning mostly exploring the BOM website and Google maps of Australia. A lot of sites seem to have closed in 1992. Was there a reason for this, e.g. government funding cuts? Any ideas?
Check out Wiluna in 1999 notice anything odd?
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/gistemp/gistemp_station.py?id=501944390000&data_set=0&num_neighbors=1
Bom’s Mean Maximum
http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=36&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_stn_num=013012
Bom’s Highest Maximums
http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_stn_num=013012
Bom’s Mean Minimum
http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=38&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_stn_num=013012
No idea Ellie. Goldsworthy was mining town that was finished and sold up. around then.
The others I would have to research.
BTW. there is a heap of history in Wiluna. In WW2 it supplied 85% of the Allies arsenic.
LOL , Wiluna suffers from UHI.
http://maps.google.com.au/maps?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=s&hl=en&source=hp&q=turkey%20creek&cr=countryAU&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl
The shire sealed all the streets around 1990 causing them to go broke and the Shire , (which used to extend to the SA border was split into two in 1993.
http://www.tjulyuru.com/functions.asp
Sorry wrong map.
http://maps.google.com.au/maps?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=s&hl=en&source=hp&q=26.5914%C2%B0%20S%20%20%20120.225%C2%B0%20E&cr=countryAU&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl
I’ve added a chart of “thermometer percentages by 5 degree latitude bands in Australia” up top.
For some reason, while the rest of the world has thermometers marching south, Australia has them marching north.
I’m sure it’s just an innocent coincidence… or in this case, anti-correlation…
E.M. After more of a look at some of the Australian sites there are curious things when you compare your lists of in, add and drop with the BOM listings at
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/
There are some that have been dropped which have long term records, some which are in that stopped recording in the 1990’s (**), and some that have been added back in for why as they have long term records. The BOM site numbers don’t seem to correspond with the ones you’ve got, so there is some guesswork in the following partial list that I’ve looked at
Amberley AMO (major RAAF base) as a recent addition (1941 – 2009)
Archerfield (major Brisbane airport) 1939 – 2009
Adelaide APO 1955 – 2009
Adelaide Kent Town 1977 – 2009
Cooma APO 1967 – 2009
Whyalla APO 1945 – 2009
Thredbo AWS 1966 – 2009
Dookie Ag 1879 – 2009
Mount Wellington 1961 – 2009
Jabiru APO 1984 – 2009
Canberra City 1974 – 1988 ** (Australian Federal capital and all that too!!)
Dalby PO 1870 – 1992 ** (Dalby APO 1992 – 2009)
Geelong Norlane 1970 – 1996 **
A first pass look suggests more deletions on the more southerly parts, but they still have some bloody cold areas in.
But (Sarc on) don’t I recall that Real Climate maintained that about 60 stations were sufficient for a global temperature estimate ? So by the look of California we’re over-represented! (Sarc off)
Also Richmond AMO being added –
BOM gives
Richmond RAAF 1928 – 1994
Richmond RAAF 1993 – 2009 (0.4km different location)
Your findings are supported by this graph :
It shows the average max temp from the 4 Australian weather stations that have been operating since before 1860, and the much higher average temperature for all 29 stations that have been operating for 100 years.
Chief, love your work! :)
errr . . .
ummm . . . could I ask, perhaps . . .
this will seem really pedantic
we’re “Aussies” :) with the “ie” ending. (25,000,000+ links @ Google)
“Aussy” with the “y” ending has just over 1,000,000 @ Google) and is something else entirely (see Urban Slang Dictionary).
Well, I’d like to think so anyway ;).
Thanks Again, Chief.
REPLY: While I’m pretty sure the “Urban Slang Dictionary” is more a joke someone has put up than a reality (it DOES say that “Aussy” as a word is not yet defined and the example phrase could just be using a variant spelling of Aussie in a phrase meant to poke fun and annoy…); I’m also willing to use “Aussie” if you prefer. Far be it from me to stand in the way of the strictly formal definitions required of slang usage and the rigorously defined spelling rules of “L’Academé Du Slang” ;-)
-ems
Some more on Australian temperature data and NASA/GISS use and non-use here at
http://wattsupwiththat.com/tips-notes-to-wuwt/
Steve Jones (14:50:16) :
REPLY: Thanks! Snagged a copy that I’ll review later. Interesting that they mention the “pre 2007” “obsolete” data sets prior to “reprocessing”. I really don’t like it when my history gets “reprocessed”… there always seem to be some bits end up on the floor… -ems
Good work E.M. For those who think that latitude doesn’t matter , I have been playing around a bit here
We have Peak Hill
104km south We have Meekatharra
104km south again we have Cue
I have come to the conclusion that the old temperature can be trusted as there is amazing correlation over 200km (125 miles )
Re your comments above –
I had a go at the “NEW BOM” site last night. First impression is a triumph for bureaucracy – seems harder to get less information on fewer sites!
Or maybe I need to find and push some more buttons, though those didn’t seem obvious.
Ian Beale
Re your comments above –
I had a go at the “NEW BOM” site last night. First impression is a triumph for bureaucracy – seems harder to get less information on fewer sites!
Or maybe I need to find and push some more buttons, though those didn’t seem obvious.
LMAO: I don’t know how to chose between advice that you want the one that goes “PING!” or suggest that you have found the new BOM toy that: It went “zip” when it moved and “bop” when it stopped And “whirr” when it stood still…
http://www.etni.org.il/music/marveloustoy.htm
E.M.
Here’s a suggested additional category, in keeping with your “Thermometer Langoliers”.
The Montgolfier brothers did the first flight by a human in a hot air balloon.
So perhaps “Thermometer Montgolfiers” for the records that currently get into GISTemp and their subsequent effects?
Plus you need a better map of Australia. That area shown as grassland mostly isn’t.
@Ian Beale:
The Montgolfier Records, I like it! (Under the “Canada” thread the one surviving station in the far north of Canada is in a place described as the warmest around for it’s arctic location. Pictures and description in the link.
https://chiefio.wordpress.com/2009/10/27/ghcn-up-north-blame-canada-comrade/ )
Per the map:
Yeah, but it was unencumbered by copyright issues.
IIRC, when I drove inland from Sydney until the road turned into a dirt track, I was about 1/2 way into what they show as “grassland”. I stopped the car, got out, stood up and felt oddly light headed and wobbly.
I realized I felt like I was about to “fall off”. As far as the eye could see was flat empty. There were little eucalyptus “shrubs” about 2 feet tall, and something that looked a bit like a runt saltbrush, and dirt. Not quite sand, but not grassy either. (I went through Bourke, to the Back ‘o Bourke, and then to where the pavement ended and to dead-straight tire ruts continued to the horizon… magical, if erie, experience. I really wanted to follow that track, but needed gas cans, water, tent, food, … to do it and had a credit card, large coke, and a box lunch 8-}. That’s when I came to understand what a “walkabout” was all about. I wanted to go “walkabout” for a few weeks, or months, or…)
At any rate, I was the “highest point” to the horizon. I looked back to the car and felt better, I wasn’t going to fly off and I wasn’t a giant towering over eucalyptus trees, they were really little bushes after all ;-)
The brain really does need something familiar to keep it’s sense of scale!
But while it wasn’t quite grassland, it wasn’t quite “desert” either. Don’t know what you would call it. Headed down toward Melbourn and did see some wheat along the way, then went back out to the coast through the “mountains”. So some of it back there does have grasses, but some of it is, er, um, scrubby. (Yet I think folks run sheep or goats on it. Probably about 1 per 100 km sq 8-)
So in my copious spare time I’ll look for a better unencumbered map, but if you know of one already…
Dang it. EVERY TIME I remember that track, I want to pack up and find out where it ends. Every time. It’s been nearly 25 years and I still want to go. Australia does that to you. Maybe when I’ve slain the AGW dragon I’ll pack a land rover and go… For those who don’t know about the place, the drive from Sydney to Bourke is “a few days” straight inland. The Eucalyptus get a bit shorter with each 1/2 day or so of driving, sometimes a ‘roo or two, but not much else. I would drive for hours and see not a single car.
Sometimes I would just leave the car on the road and step out to look at something. Dead Straight road for days, with the occasional bump in it. When you see a gas station, you do stop and buy gas. They were “3/4 tank” apart. Reaching the far end, I thought I was “done”. Then there was the end of asphalt, and the outback… and I realized I was not done. I had barely begun. And I don’t like leaving things partly done…
Looks like they are a bit more connected to the world now, they have a web site:
http://www.backobourke.com.au/ nice pictures and
http://www.outbackonline.net/BourkeTourism.htm map gives a sense of where it is.
I was a little on the ‘outback’ side of the river on this map,
http://www.backobourke.com.au/where-is-bourke.php
beyond Bourke, in the Back ‘o Bourke. I think it was down the “Hungerford road” on that map, I was somewhere past a split like the one to Wanaaring, but don’t remember exactly which one it was. (I was steering “inland” by the sun mostly…)
There are special places in the world with a real impact on you. I hope they still preserved that ability to feel incredibly alone in the universe. It would not be the same in a tour bus or from a hotel window… Then again, I guess you could just go a few more clicks down the track… It’s a big outback…
I’m talking myself into this again, aren’t I? I’d better go do something else for a while to distract me from Bourke or you won’t be hearing from me for a few months of walkabout…
These folks:
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/australia/new-south-wales/back-o-bourke-corner-country
say a place named Tibooburra is down a track out the back ‘o Bourke… wonder if that’s where it went. Would make sense.
Think I need to see what I can find out about Tibooburra…
UPDATE: Thanks to Google Maps, I’ve figured out that it is the “road” from Bourke to Tibooburra via Gumbalie, Wanaaring and Urisino. At the time all I knew was that somebody had sheep stations out there somewhere. If I’d known there was a store with gas every couple of hundred km I probably would have just kept on going… AFTER picking up a 5 gallon jug of water… just in case… On the other hand I don’t really know that there were gas stations at those spots back then… I do remember one of the locals saying something like “Well, yeah, you can make it to {I think he said Gumbalie} in a regular car, if there’s not a rain, but a Rover is better. Yer tires good? And you got extra gas cans with you?” (I had gone back to town contemplating buying some water, food, sleeping bag… decided to stay in the pub instead ;-) This was in the days before cell phones, GPS, et. al. Heck, the “road” wasn’t even on my paper map. It really was an “edge of the world” feeling. Don’t know if you can get that today with all the gizmos on board… Maybe I can find an old 1970 era Land Rover to make the experience authentic.
Then again, it was evening coming on and I’m not sure how easy it is to see tire tracks in the dirt at night…
At any rate, at least now I have some names for where it went. And if I ever do get there again and find it isn’t as remote as it used to be, well, I can always just point the wheels down some other dirt track that splits off somewhere…
A couple of interesting graphs
Marble Bar & Meekatharra
The thing that sticks out with both of them is that the difference between hot and cold has decreased as the years have gone on.
The hots were hotter in the 30’s & 40’s than today but the minimums were cooler as well.
Just using the means doesn’t show that.
Marble bar is interesting as both stations data (supposedly at the same location) overlap
The diffierence in the monthly mean maximuns
2000 null null null null null null null null 4.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3
2001 0.1 0.8 -0.5 -0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0 0.1 0.1 -0.5
2002 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0 -1 -2.9 0
2003 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 0 0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0 0.1 0 0.1
2004 0 0 0 -0.1 0 0 -0.1 -0.1 0 -0.1 0 0
2005 0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.1
2006 -0.1 -0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.8 null null null null
The difference in the minimums
2000 null null null null null null null null 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 null
2001 2.2 0.8 -1.2 0.2 0.4 1.5 0 0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 0.2
2002 0.2 0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7 0.2 -1 -0.2
2003 -0.4 -0.1 0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1
2004 -0.1 0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.2
2005 0.1 0 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.6 0 -0.2 -0.3 0.5 -0.4 0.3
2006 -0.5 0 -0.6 null -1.3 -2.2 -0.5 2 null null null null
That tenths jitter (occasionally even a full degree) is part of why I keep saying that anything in the 1/10 place is meaningless and anything in the 1/100 place is at best a bad joke.
Interesting about the visual flattening of the trends over time, would be interesting to see if local land use changed to a wetter, more stable, regime. It’s subtile, so I wonder what the odds are that it’s inside the natural variation (i.e. random quiet chunk).
And yes, the MAX and the MIN are far more interesting than the average. In stock trading (and other places as well) it is well understood that you use averages to hide information you don’t want to see and hopefully let some other stand out a bit better. Only in the AGW crowed do we get folks trying to assert that an average gives you more information instead of less…
Ripper
Check out Wiluna in 1999 notice anything odd?
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/gistemp/gistemp_station.py?id=501944390000&data_set=0&num_neighbors=1
Bom’s Mean Maximum
http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=36&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_stn_num=013012
Finally had a moment to take a look at these links. Rather dramatic.
GIStemp has a big spike at the end, the average at BOM is flat with a minor ripple; but a fractional degree bump up when the tarmac is added. It if was just one record like that, you might be able to excuse it; but there are lots of cases just like that. IMHO, GIStemp cooks the data and turns thermometer location change over time into temperature slope change over time via “The Reference Station Method”. Then add in some paving…
Love what you’re doing to dissect the GHCN data and the tendentious use (or concealement) of (inconvenient) measurements! I strongly believe in using only intact records, not an anomaly sausage, from a FIXED set of stations in detecting regional climate variations. The number of GHCN Aussie stations that span the entire 20th century available via GISS is only a handful. Would love to get the entire Marble Bar monthly mean temperature series in plain text. Can you help?
Also, GISS pulled Gonzales TX from their available USHCN set. If you scraped the GHCN data base before the (mostly farcical) adjustments were made in Ver2, could you make that station record also available?
Many thanks and keep up the good fight!
REPLY: [ The GHCN set is downloaded as plain text. I can make any extract of it you would like, or you can just download the whole thing. There is a pointer in comments (on a thread I’ve misplaced…) that has “old copies” of the GHCN data for comparision. Per Gonzlaes: My copy of GHCN is probably ‘too new”… -E.M.Smith ]
Sky – You can download all BOM temps from this link if that’s any help
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml
Marble Bar 4106 only goes back to Sep 2000, but Marble Bar Comparison 4020 goes back to Feb 1901
BOM changed their website late last year, and they say you can get the old version here:
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/
I downloaded all Marble Bar Comparison (4020) max temps and rainfall monthly data before they changed the website – just in case the data changed too – and am happy to send it to you or post it on the web if that helps. I have all the max temp and rainfall data for all 29 Australian stations that are 100+ yrs old. But it should all still be accessible on the BOM website.
Sky – your point about a FIXED set of stations is a good one.
Here is a graph of Australian max temps back to 1857
[The caption isn’t quite right – “All Stations” means all 29 stations that have been active over 100+ years.]
[The downtick at the end is an error – with 5-yr smoothing I should have stopped the graph 2 years earlier.]
You can see what the graph would look like if I had simply graphed the average of all active stations. With new stations coming online in the late 1800s, it would look like some rather impressive warming!
The effect of AGW is clearly visible in 2004, but for some reason it doesn’t appear before then!!
E.M.,
I’m working with vanishing free space on my disk, so if you can readily extract Marble Bar monthly means (or mean maxes AND mins) for 1901-2008, I’d greatly appreciate it. You have my e-mail.
ANYTHING you might have for Gonzales TX would be Ver1 data (since they dropped this slightly-cooling station long before coming out with USHCN Ver2) and would be greatly welcome.
Mike,
Thanks for the directions to BoM’s website, out of which I seem incapable of getting the desired monthly mean data. Absolute monthly maxes are interesting, but not what I seek. And don’t be quick to ascribe any record-setting absolute maxes to AGW. All it takes to set such a record is a gust of wind from a man-made heat source near the station. Remember, there were no cars or airplanes at the beginning of the last century to spike the absolute maxes.
REPLY: [ Now You’ve Done It! I started looking at “Marble Bar” and surroundings and got sucked into it… I’m going to be doing a posting on it Real Soon Now and I’ll include data tables in it… See the other comment here under the “Europe – Balkans” where I have some Marble Bar teasers… -E.M.Smith ]
sky – go to http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml
– click on Climate Data Online
– select — about temperatures
— monthly
— mean max (or min) temperatures
— station 4020 (Marble Bar Comparison)
— click ‘Get Data’
or
I’ve extracted it and put it online at
http://members.westnet.com.au/jonas1/BOM_MeanMinTemps4020.txt
http://members.westnet.com.au/jonas1/BOM_MeanMaxTemps4020.txt
They don’t do average temps, but I think most places happily use the average of max and min.
About AGW showing up in 2004 – I should have used /sarc…..
PS. The old “max temp” data was monthly max temps. The new data is monthly mean max temps, which sounds like it will be useful to you (together with monthly mean min temps).
I’ve checked the new data against the old data, and the old data is consistently a few degrees (c.2-5) above the new data, so it’s likely that they really are what they say they are.
So, what’s the difference between a “mean max” and a “monthly max temp”?
It sounds sort of like a “monthly max temp” is: “Largest in (set of monthly dailies)” while a “mean max” is: “summation of (daily max values) / number of daily max values” ? One is the actual high day of the month, the other is the average of all the highs of the month?
FWIW, the “GHCN mean” is made via a (MAX + MIN)/2 process. So given the MIN and MAX you can make the MEAN. The only open question is really what form of MIN and MAX you are working from. It would be interesting to take the two types of MIN and MAX and see which MEAN matches which “Duplicate Numbers” in GHCN …
So, what’s the difference between a “mean max” and a “monthly max temp”? I interpret it as you do – mean max is max temp each day averaged over the month, monthly max temp is highest temp of the month.
So the mid-point of ‘mean max’ and ‘mean min’ wouold be a fair stab at ‘average temp’.
REPLY: [ Then the question I would have is “Was the whole record recomputed or are we doing a splice of two different methods?”. It’s all well and good to assert that “Month Min/Max” gives just as valid a MEAN as “AveDailies Min/Max” but if you use two different methods in two different periods of time then you are “taking a splice”… and a splice ought never to be assumed as valid… I could easily see a step function coming from the difference in methods. (Use monthly extremes during one PDO phase, get a low MEAN; swap to daily averages during next phase, can’t get as high an extreme to ‘offset’ that original low, so the whole series ‘hangs a bit lower’ after the splice. Invert PDO at start for warming offset… Basically, the “extreme events” are reflected more in the Monthly Extremes method than in the AveDailies method that would squash the extremes; and extremes can have a long durational cylicality of the 60 years kind. -E.M.Smith ]
Thanks, Mike, for the monthly mean MAX and mean MIN files for Marble Bar. Indeed they are the month-by-month averages of the daily MAX/MIN values recorded. Nice to have that, since one can derive the mean diurnal range: MAX-MIN. The standard practice in some countries (USA included) is to call (MAX+MIN)/2 the MEAN temperature, but, of course, it’s only the mid-range value, which is usually a few percent of the diurnal range higher than the true temporal average. The diurnal temperature cycle is NOT a simple sinusoid.
E.M.,
Invoking the distributive/associative laws it’s easy to show the algebraic identity of averaging the daily (MAX+MIN)/2 and of applying the same formula to the monthly mean MAX and MIN values. Thre’s no “splicing” of methods involved.
@sky:
Um, maybe we’re talking about different things?
As a “toy” example:
If I have 30 days of MIN 0 C and MAX 4 C with one day who’s MAX is 40 C I would get a series of 30 x 2 C daily MEANS (that are actually ‘mid-range’ as you note, but I’m going with the “climate science” usage) and then one day of 20 C daily mean. Average of those daily means would be 80 / 31.
Taking the (MONTHLY MAX + MONTHLY MIN ) / 2 would be:
20 + 0 / 2 = 10 C
So a MONTHLY MEAN series based on the MONTHLY MIN / MAX will be different from a series based on the DAILY MIN / MAX “means”. Probably close enough for “climate science” for all practical real daily values, but still different.
I suspect you were thinking of “(average of daily MAX + average of daily MIN) / 2” vs “average of daily MEAN (midpoint)”. Yeah, they will be the same.
Sorry I was unclear that I was talking about comparing the MONTHLY extremes method vs the Daily averages method. Doing math in words is a bit, er, imprecise ;-)
E.M.,
There so are many different ways of computing the “monthly MEAN” that an unequivocally clear terminology simply does not exist. The “Monthly MAX” usually refers to the monthly average of the daily maxima, with “MAX monthly temp” being reserved for the abolute maximum. I’ve never seen the latter terms used in reference to the highest of the daily means, as you have it in your toy example. Clearly, you posit 30 days with a mean of 2 and one day with a mean of 20. Thus the mean for the whole month is 80/31, which is identical to half the mean (30*4 + 1*40) /31 of the daily MAXes alone, since the daily MINs are uniformly zero. But you knew that already! :-)
Why does GHCNV2 contain so many truncated and mismatched records?
For example, 94101 which is Kalumburu (BOM 001019) covers 1941 – 1992 in GHCNV2 but 1998 – 2010 in BOM. That is, there is no overlap in time at all.
On the other hand, BOM has a record for Kalumburu Mission (BOM number is 001021) which is a closed station but covers 1941 – 2005 and appears to be only 100 metres from Kalumburu. The time span of the GHCNV2 data for Kalumburu is a subset of the time span for the BOM data for Kalumburu Mission .
These records are a diabolical mess.
@John Murphy:
Who knows. NOAA / NCDC claims it’s due to the difficulty in collecting the historic data and that the present data are not reliably reported in CLIMAT reports for the missing stuff. (Like Bolivia… all of it…)
Yet Wunderground has the data (as to many others) and OGIMET shows that Bolivia is doing CLIMAT reports and has done so for several years at least. As have several other countries dropped by NOAA / NCDC)
The whole data collection and selection process is just so… so … Ersatz. Dribs and drabs, bits from here glued onto fragments from there. I think your description just about sums it up “diabolical mess’.
Then they take the mess and stir mightily and find spurious trends and want us to get exited about it. Just silly, really.